Childhood Autism Spectrum Disorders Essay -- Diseases, Disorders

Childhood Autism Spectrum Disorders Autism has been on the rise in the past 20 years, and is getting dangerously close to reaching epidemic proportions (Zelan, 1). Statistically, Autism rates have been rising in the United States with Autism now effecting 1 in every 150 children ages 10 and younger (Zelan, 1). Autism can occur in any race and does not gender discriminate, though boys are four times more likely to have Autism than girls (Castrogiovanni). The causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of Autism are the main aspects that most interest researchers today. If studies continue to have good results, the quality of life for Autistics could improve exponentially. Autism is a developmental disorder that has baffled researchers for years, but research breakthroughs in the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of Autism allow for a better understanding of the condition. There are many theories regarding Autism, however, the actual cause(s) remain unknown. Autism could have several possible triggers, but any information is still in the earliest stages of research. Genetics, familial connections, having an excess of testosterone, and vaccines have all been speculated as potential causes. Genetic testing has revealed interesting information, but no gene or genes have been linked to Autism directly. One researcher states, â€Å"Autism probably results from abnormalities in at least three to twenty genes and very likely has no single causal gene.† (Fredericks, 35) Researchers have also found that Autistics under 12 have an overall larger brain size in comparison to normal children. (Fredericks, 35) This information really expresses the need for more in-depth research regarding genetic links (Fredericks, 15). The idea that Auti... ...oadedFiles/public/TESAutisticSpectrum.pdf>. "Roles and responsibilities of speech-language pathologists in diagnosis, assessment, and treatment of autism spectrum disorders across the life span." . N.p., 2006. Web. 6 Mar 2012. . Schopler, Eric, Robert Reichler, and Barbara Rochen Renner. Childhood Autism Rating Scale. Western Psychological Services, 1986. Print. Self, Trisha L. and LaDonna S. Hale and Daiquire Crumrine. â€Å"Pharmacotherapy and Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Tutorial for Speech Language Pathologists.† Language, Speech and Hearing Services in School. Vol. 41. July 2010: 367-375. Text. â€Å"Types of Autism.† Autism-diagnosis.com. Autism Diagnosis. N.d. Web. Zelan, Karen, Between Their World and Ours: Breakthtoughs with Autistic Children. New York: St. Martis Press, Print. May 2003.

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Pressure switch |[pic][pi| |c] | A pressure responsive switch senses a change in pressure and responds to such changes by alternately making and breaking an electrical connection. Pressure-sensitive switches are used in a variety of applications where it is desired to switch apparatus on or off at predetermined pressures. These switches are utilized in a wide variety of applications, as in automobiles [pic] , aircrafts and in various other environments. Pressure switches include set-point pressure switches that actuate when a specified pressure is reached and pressure measuring switches that are capable of measuring the ambient pressure and reacting accordingly. A pressure responsive switch generally comprises a diaphragm responsive to a pressure change, a rigid ring for securing the diaphragm, and a pair of electrically conductive contacts that break contact based on movement of the diaphragm. Mechanical pressure switches typically provide an output signal in the form of a switch closure in response to application of mechanical or atmospheric pressure. A differential pressure switch [pic] is a device which utilizes differential fluid pressure from low and high pressure sources to actuate an electric switch at a pre-set actuation point. Differential pressure switches are commonly employed to control the operation of snap action switches. Flow switch |[pic][pi| |c] | A flow switch is used to sense the flow of a fluid passing through its valve body and to send an electrical control signal to control the switching unit. In many applications, it is essential to be able to determine whether fluid is flowing in a pipeline, duct or other conduit and to respond accordingly to such a determination. For example, flow responsive devices for producing a control signal which is used to de-energize a pump when the flow rate falls below a preselected minimum are commonly employed in systems for transferring fluid between reservoirs. Fluid flow switch sensing devices have been developed for monitoring fluid flow in pipelines, ducts, and other conduits. A flow switch produces an electrical signal which is commensurate with a preselected rate of flow of a fluid in a conduit. Various flow switches have been developed to be responsive to the flow rate of a fluid within a flow line. Usually the flow switch is connected into the flow line so that the flow path of the fluid passes through the flow switch. Several such devices rely on the pivotal movement of a rod supported blade which is deflected depending on the amount of fluid flow. Limit switch |[pic][pi| c] | Switches are commonly employed as input devices to indicate the presence or absence of a particular condition in a system or process that is being monitored and/or controlled. In motorized electromechanical systems, limit switches provide the function of making and breaking electrical contacts and consequently electrical circuits. A limit switch is configured to detect when a system's element has moved to a certain position. A system operation is triggered when a limit switch is tripped. Limit switches are widely used in various industrial applications, and they can detect a limit of movement of an article and passage of an article by displacement of an actuating part such as a pivotally supported arm or a linear plunger. The limit switches are designed to control the movement of a mechanical part. Limit switches are typically utilized in industrial control applications to automatically monitor and indicate whether the travel limits of a particular device have been exceeded. Level switch |[pic][pi| |c] | Various instruments have found use for applications requiring level sensing. Such instruments include float level switches, ultrasonic level switches and capacitance point level switches. Various devices have been proposed for indicating when liquid or other fluent material in a container or channel reaches a particular level. Liquid level sensors are used in a wide variety of applications to detect the levels of fluids within various forms of reservoirs. For example, such sensors are employed in the automotive industry to sense the level of oil in an oil pan or sump, or the level of transmission fluid. Liquid level sensors contain switches to indicate whether a sensed liquid is above or below a predetermined level. Switches responsive to fluid levels have utilized a variety of approaches for opening and closing an electrical circuit. Fluid level switch devices usually incorporate a float buoy for sensing the fluid level, the float buoy being operatively connected to a switch device. Temperature switch |[pic][pi| |c] | A temperature switch is a switch that is responsive to temperature changes. Temperature switches generally are provided with a temperature responsive element which will open or close a switch when a predetermined minimum pressure or temperature is sensed by the responsive element. For protection against thermal overload, semiconductor switches are provided with integrated temperature sensors. The temperature sensors acquire the temperature of the power switch and convert this into a temperature-dependent, analog signal which then can be interpreted in a circuit. Temperature sensitive switches, such as a thermostat, typically comprise a temperature sensor which is used to open or close electrical contacts at specified temperatures. A bimetal strip of dissimilar metals is used as the sensing element for temperature sensitive switches. Temperature sensitive switches are often used for thermal protection purposes. If a device gets too hot, the temperature sensitive switch opens the electrical circuit, thereby eliminating power to the circuit. For example, temperature responsive tip-switches are particularly useful in connection with electric heaters.

Classification - Types of Drivers Essay - 787 Words

Classification Essay There are three types of drivers in this world: competent, overcautious, and reckless. After driving for many years in frustrating rush hour traffic, one might find there are three types of drivers, competent drivers who keep the flow going, over cautious drivers who cause slow and backed up traffic, and reckless drivers who weave in and out of traffic causing one near death experience after another. Trying to sort out what type of driver a person might be is an extremely challenging task. In a persons own mind, they think they are the aggressive type of driver, or the cautious type, but no one will ever admit that they are reckless kind. In most cases they’re too oblivious to these classifications and all other†¦show more content†¦A final classification of an overcautious driver would be one who was previously in bad accident. Feeling the mental and financial sting of having to buy a whole new car really puts things into perspective, but hinders them on the road. Now we get into what is known as the reckless driver. A picture comes to mind of a frazzled man or woman driving a beat up Oldsmobile; cigarette dangling from the lip of their mouth, swerving in and out of traffic while others beep their horns in disapproval. This type of driver can occur when a competent driver has had a bad day and is encountering the overly cautious driver. Stereotypically this driver is younger in age and male, but I feel that the reckless driver has no set age or sex. They get so angry for the smallest of reasons that they don’t really care what they do as a result, so long as they go out in a blaze of glory. They tend to disregard most driving signs and have no qualms about risking their life or the lives of others. These are the drivers who barely apply the brake when coming to a stop, more like â€Å"tap tap and go†. My uncle Jim is a prime example of a reckless driver. At the age of 82, he drives a boat of a Cadillac, commanding the streets wit h his led foot and somewhat latent reactions to those around him. Try telling him to ease up or look out, and he’s bound to increase the gas flow to his V8 engine. After driving for manyShow MoreRelatedClassification: Drivers1439 Words   |  6 PagesTopic: Personalities of Annoying Drivers Concept: The different types of drivers you find on the road. First classification/division: ‘White Knuckled drivers’ Older drivers No speed- choose to go at least 10 mph under the speed limit Gripping tightly to the wheel- giving the white knuckle look, holding on dear life Over cautious- most elderly people drive extremely cautiously Cars- usually drive older styled boats Second classification/division: Speed Demons Can’t KeepRead MoreTypes of Drivers782 Words   |  4 Pagesan unsafe driver can result in senseless accidents hurting yourself as well as others on the road. 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